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新概念英語(yǔ)中值的借鑒的段落展開(kāi)方式
雅思寫(xiě)作不僅僅考核考生的單詞語(yǔ)法等能力,四個(gè)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中CC(coherence and cohesion 連接與連貫) 這個(gè)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)重點(diǎn)考核學(xué)生文章的條理性與連貫性。而段落的劃分與段落的展開(kāi)是體現(xiàn)文章條例與連貫的重要方面。在新概念英語(yǔ)尤其是新概念英語(yǔ)三冊(cè)的學(xué)習(xí)中,考生可資借鑒的段落展開(kāi)方式不勝枚舉。
主題句 + 逐層解釋的段落展開(kāi)方式
個(gè)人認(rèn)為對(duì)考生寫(xiě)雅思作文價(jià)值最大的當(dāng)數(shù)新概念三冊(cè)第12課 Life on a Desert Island的第一段。議論文的段落可以在段首提出本段討論的分論點(diǎn),即本段主題句。第二句話對(duì)主題句中的某一點(diǎn)進(jìn)行更詳細(xì)的描述或者解釋?zhuān)谌湓捰謱?duì)第二句話中某點(diǎn)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)描述或解釋?zhuān)源祟?lèi)推,通常一個(gè)段落可以解釋三層因此也叫三步推進(jìn)法。在上面提到的課文中:
Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island. 我們中的很多人都對(duì)荒島生活有不切實(shí)際的遐想。(主題句)
We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise where the sun always shines. 我們有時(shí)幻想荒島是陽(yáng)光終日普照的天堂。(解釋什么是“不切實(shí)際的遐想”)
Life there is simple and good. 那里的生活簡(jiǎn)單又美好。(解釋什么是“天堂”)
Ripe fruit falls from the tree and you never have to work. 成熟的水果自己從樹(shù)上落下來(lái),人們根本無(wú)需勞作。(解釋什么是“簡(jiǎn)單又美好”)
這個(gè)思路可以應(yīng)用到雅思寫(xiě)作中作為主體段的展開(kāi)手段,下面我們一起仿照新概念三的結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)一下如何對(duì)主題句進(jìn)行解釋。
主題句:Smoking puts smoker’s health at risk. 吸煙危害到吸煙者的健康。
第二句:If a person smokes, he or she is likely to get seriously ill. 如果一個(gè)人吸煙的話他很可能得嚴(yán)重的疾病(解釋什么是“危害到健康”)
第三句:Chances for tobacco users to get lung cancer or heart attack if far greater than that of nonsmokers. 吸煙者得肺癌或心臟病的可能性遠(yuǎn)大于非吸煙者。(解釋什么是“嚴(yán)重的疾病”)
第四句:According to statistics, the percentage of smokers who get these diseases is three times as high as that of those who stay away from cigarettes. 據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)吸煙者患這些疾病的比例是非吸煙者的三倍。(解釋什么是“可能性遠(yuǎn)大于非吸煙者”)
把這四句話放在一起,一個(gè)非常漂亮的雅思作文主體段產(chǎn)生了。
Smoking puts smoker’s health at risk. If a person smokes, he or she is likely to get seriously ill. Chances for tobacco users to get lung cancer or heart attack if far greater than that of nonsmokers. According to statistics, the percentage of smokers who get these diseases is three times as high as that of those who stay away from cigarettes.
仿照這個(gè)段落同學(xué)們可以練習(xí)解釋下列的主題句:
“Space research accelerate the development of science and technology.”太空研究推動(dòng)科技發(fā)展。
“International tourism exerts heavy burdens on local environment.”跨國(guó)旅游對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境造成負(fù)擔(dān)。
“Advertisements are a waste of resources.”廣告是浪費(fèi)資源。
平衡觀點(diǎn)文章的首段模板
雅思作文很常見(jiàn)的一類(lèi)題型是“一些人認(rèn)為…而另一些人認(rèn)為…”之后問(wèn)你同意哪一方的觀點(diǎn)或者對(duì)雙方觀點(diǎn)加以分析。這類(lèi)題中大部分情況下雙方觀點(diǎn)都有一定道理,一邊倒地絕對(duì)偏向哪一方都難以形成有說(shuō)服力的結(jié)論。例如09年2月28日的考題:Some people believe that to improve public health the number of sports facilities should be increased. Others believe that it has little effects and need other measures to improve it. Discuss both ideas and give your opinion. 一些人認(rèn)為為了改善公眾健康應(yīng)該增加體育設(shè)施。其他人則認(rèn)為這樣做幾乎沒(méi)有效果并且認(rèn)為需要其它的措施改善公眾健康。討論雙方觀點(diǎn)并提出你的看法。
這樣的題目寫(xiě)起來(lái)需要在第一段中介紹雙方的觀點(diǎn)并且最好在分析后再提出作者自己的看法。新三第12課為我們提供了一個(gè)近乎完美的開(kāi)頭段模板。Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island…… The other side of the picture is quite the opposite…… Perhaps there is an element of truth in both these pictures. “我們?cè)S多人對(duì)于荒島生活有一種不切實(shí)際的想法…… 另一種想法恰恰相反…… 也許,這兩種想法都有可信之處”
這段話稍加修改 Some of us have formed the impression that…… 一些人認(rèn)為……
However, others think quite the opposite. They hold that…… 然而其他人看法則相反。他們認(rèn)為……
Perhaps, there is an element of truth in both of these statements, as is to be discussed below. 也許雙方觀點(diǎn)都有一定的可信性,討論如下。
這樣一個(gè)漂亮的雅思作文首段模板就誕生了。
我們?cè)囍焉厦婺堑李}按照這個(gè)模板套用一下。可以寫(xiě)出
Some of us have formed the impression that sports equipments should be added to better people’s health. However, others think quite the opposite. They hold that other efforts need to be made. Perhaps, there is an element of truth in both these statements, as is to be discussed below.
作為練習(xí)請(qǐng)同學(xué)們?cè)囍眠@個(gè)模板寫(xiě)一下下面這些題目的第一段
“一些人認(rèn)為應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)兒童使用電腦,而一些人認(rèn)為這樣做弊大于利,你的觀點(diǎn)是”
“一些人認(rèn)為環(huán)境問(wèn)題的解決難度太大個(gè)人無(wú)法參與其中而另一些人則認(rèn)為每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該為這一問(wèn)題的解決盡一份力,討論雙方觀點(diǎn)并提出你的看法”