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最常用錯的雅思詞匯五組詞

2011-06-25

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小編: 186
摘要:

雅思小作文因為比較模式化,相對來說用錯詞的情況也少一些。環(huán)球教育海外考試研究中心提醒考生們在常見錯誤方面應注意:在談及價位時我們應該用高低而非大小貴賤來表達,即high/low price 而非big/small price 或者expensive/cheap price; great value而不是big value; their living condition is poor而非bad等等。其實,小作文中比較集中的錯誤在“比較與對比”搞不清楚,所以出現 ‘compare’與 ‘contrast’ 的使用錯誤,這里我們詳細說一下。   

     一、compare與contrast的誤用  

     我們先從兩者的定義入手來看兩者的區(qū)別。 Compare的定義為:to examine people or things to see how they are similar or different. Contrast的定義為:to compare two or more things to show the difference between them. 由定義不難看出前者側重于找到兩個或多個事物的異同,而后者則側重于它們的不同?! ?/P>

     看個例句:  

     It is interesting to compare their situations to ours./It is interesting to contrast their situations to ours.   

     前一句翻譯為:對比一下我們的情況與他們的情況會很有趣?! ?/P>

     后一句的翻譯為:我們的情況與他們的情況有很大的不同,這很有趣?! ?/P>

     再看一個引自OXFORD ADBANCED LEARNER’S DICTIONARY的例子:  

     There is an obvious contrast between the culture of East and West.   

     The company lost $7 million in contrast to a profit of $6.2 million a year earlier.  

     When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast.  

     不難發(fā)現,Compare 翻譯為“ 與。。。相比”而contrast可譯為“明顯不同的是。。。”,切記這種翻譯方式就不會用錯彼此了。   

     二、介詞使用錯誤  

     1、普通介詞的誤用  

     一般表現為固定搭配錯誤,如常把 provide sb with sth用成provide sb sth; be satisfied with用成be satisfied for等等,雖然這樣的錯誤看似無傷大雅,但在考官眼里就是影響順暢閱讀的,當然會影響最終成績。解決的辦法簡單而古老:把常見的固定搭配牢記于心,問題自然就解決了。  

     2、 “to”作為介詞的誤用  

     “to”最常見的用法是以動詞不定式符號的形式出現的,所以同學們也已經習慣了 “to do”的固定搭配。對于一些如walk to me, to the left等介詞to表方向等常見用法一般也不會出現錯誤。但是對于與動詞搭配的介詞to就會經常犯錯:  

     如:  

     More and more students have taken to depend on their parents to make decision for them.   

     這里的 ‘take to’ means ‘to begin to do sth as a habit’ 其中 ‘to’為介詞,所以后面只能接名詞或相當于名詞的詞,如動名詞。所以黑體處應改為“depending on”?!皌ake to”的另一個常用用法也需要牢記:  

     He hasn’t taken to his new school. (這里‘take to’ means ‘to start liking sb or sth’)

     Prefer A to B中的 “to”也是介詞,會有 prefer doing sth to doing sth/ prefer sth to sth else, 這里環(huán)球教育海外考試研究中心提醒您,“prefer to do sth rather than do sth”中的“to”可是真正的不定式符號?! ?/P>

     類似的常用用法請同學們牢記:  

     Be used to doing   Be accustomed to doing   See to doing   Adapt to doing   Adjust to doing   prefer doing sth. to doing sth.   等等,請注意平時仔細積累。

     三、assume及claim使用不夠準確  

     我們知道, think, assume, claim是議論文中常用引出觀點的動詞。在實際作文中,同學們往往認為幾個詞的意思是一樣的,完全可以代換,所以拿過來就用。甚至還有同學把 consider也拿過來與之混用。我們首先還是從定義來看這幾個詞的不同:

     Think: to have opinion or belief about sth.   

     翻譯為“認為”,通常接賓語從句來表達比較確定的觀點。  

     Assume: to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it.   

     翻譯為“假設、假定”,是否有事實依據是不確定的。  

     Claim: to say sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it.   

     翻譯為“聲稱”,用這個詞往往意味著不贊同緊跟其后的觀點,所以很少用作 ‘I claim that…   

     Scientist are claiming a breakthrough in the fight against cancer, but in fact, …?!?/P>

     所以 ‘It is claimed that’ 通常翻譯為“有報道稱。。?!?。和‘it is reported that ’的區(qū)別在于后者翻譯為“據報道”,往往代表著作者贊同報告的內容,  

     Consider: to think about sth carefully, especially in order to make a decision   翻譯為“考慮”,一般不用作引出觀點,看個例子:  

     We are considering buying a new car.   

     所以,環(huán)球教育海外考試研究中心提醒您,千萬不要在雅思大作文的第一段(觀點表達段)就因為用詞把握不準而導致對整篇文章的低分印象?! ?/P>

     四、表“建議”的詞匯后面忘記用虛擬從句  

     這是摘自學生雅思作文中的一個病句:  

     I suggest he continues his study instead of working after graduation from high school.

     因為 ‘suggest’翻譯為“建議”,所以后面的從句應該用虛擬語氣,黑體部分應該改為 “(should) continue”   所以環(huán)球教育海外考試研究中心提醒您,一定要牢記以下常見表“建議”的詞匯,而且要記住這些詞接從句時要用虛擬語氣:  Recommend, suggest, advise   

     五、such as與for example的混用  

     我們知道,在表示舉例子的時候,such as 與like是完全等同的,如:Wild flowers such as/like orchids and primroses are becoming rare.   

     但是同學們對于Such as、for example 的把握還是不夠準確。我們都知道,后者接句子前者接詞語表示舉例子。于是就有了下面的寫法:

     There is a similar word in many languages, such as in French and Italian.   

     這里的such as改為 for example為好,因為“in French and Italian”其實是“there is a similar word in French and Italian”的簡化,所以要用 for example來引出例證。再來看幾個類似的例子:  

     It is possible to combine computer science with other subjects, for example physics.

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