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SAT/ACT/SSAT

SAT語(yǔ)法之平行結(jié)構(gòu)

2016-04-08

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小編: 831
摘要:平行結(jié)構(gòu)作為SAT考試中重要考點(diǎn),也是比較容易學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn),然而學(xué)生對(duì)平行結(jié)構(gòu)的概念和實(shí)質(zhì)了解的比較模糊,下面為大家介紹的就是SAT語(yǔ)法需正確認(rèn)識(shí)平行結(jié)構(gòu)。

  平行結(jié)構(gòu)作為SAT考試中重要考點(diǎn),也是比較容易學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn),然而學(xué)生對(duì)平行結(jié)構(gòu)的概念和實(shí)質(zhì)了解的比較模糊,下面為大家介紹的就是SAT語(yǔ)法需正確認(rèn)識(shí)平行結(jié)構(gòu)。

  一、平行結(jié)構(gòu)的概述

  概念:兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞、短語(yǔ)、分句通過連詞或其他詞組連接構(gòu)成的句子

  例:He went to the supermarket bought some daily necessity and had a nice cup of coffee.

  引起平行結(jié)構(gòu)的標(biāo)志詞:

  1. 并列連詞:

  and or but yet

  * “and” 可以三者平行

  e.g. He went downtown bought some books and visited his daughter.

  2. 并列詞組:

  as well as both…and… not only…but also… not…but… either… or… neither… nor… rather…than…from…to…

  3. 動(dòng)詞詞組

  prefer… to compare… to/with

  4. 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)

  二、平行結(jié)構(gòu)常見錯(cuò)誤

  1. 平行標(biāo)志詞搭配錯(cuò)誤

  2. 平行結(jié)構(gòu)不平行

  平行的結(jié)構(gòu)中平行的成分必須語(yǔ)法功能一致,結(jié)構(gòu)一致。

  1) 名詞或代詞平行

  · Finally Mr. Zhou lost his wife and his life.

  2) 動(dòng)詞平行:

  · She never smokes or drinks.

  · He was arrested and put into the jail

  3)修飾成分平行(形容詞、副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)平行):

  · She was an intelligent and ambitious woman.

  · Jacob speaks slowly and clearly.

  · Mrs. Liu watched her son walk across the street and into the school.

  4) 分句平行:

  · She is a strange girl yet you cannot help liking her.

  · I don’t want to do it nor do I want you to do it.

  5) 非謂語(yǔ)平行:

  · 現(xiàn)在分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞平行

  We love eating hamburgers and swimming under big sunshine.

  · 過去分詞與過去分詞平行

  Checked and amended the book is to be published.

  · 不定式與不定式平行

  To drive the car carefully is more difficult than to do homework without making a single mistake

  注:

  1.能夠平行的成分,其語(yǔ)法性質(zhì)應(yīng)一致,功能一致,而不是過多糾結(jié)相同語(yǔ)法成分不同的語(yǔ)法表達(dá)。

  例: OG-P561-13

  The labor union is negotiating (A) a contract with the hospital that (B) will satisfy (C) the demands of the workers and be acceptable to (D) all levels of management. No error (E)

  分析:C/D 雖然一個(gè)是單個(gè)動(dòng)詞,一個(gè)是以be動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的形容詞,但是兩者歸根結(jié)底都是動(dòng)詞。所以許多學(xué)生選D,就錯(cuò)了。

  2.學(xué)生在平行結(jié)構(gòu)中往往會(huì)犯粗心的錯(cuò)位,特別實(shí)在IS中那些長(zhǎng)得很接近的選項(xiàng)。

  · 例: The influence of Roman architecture is perhaps even more evident in the United States than for either Europe or Asia.(A) for either Europe or Asia(B) by either Europe or Asia(C) with either Europe or Asia(D) in either Europe or Asia (E) in either Europe or in Asia

  分析:D與E的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)接近,E中在Asia前面多了一個(gè)“in”而這一個(gè)添加就導(dǎo)致了 “either..or…” 這一結(jié)構(gòu)的不平行,所以做平行結(jié)構(gòu)的提一定要牢牢把握“語(yǔ)法功能一致”這個(gè)總則,然后仔細(xì)判斷選項(xiàng)。

  三、考試時(shí)如何判斷平行結(jié)構(gòu)的出現(xiàn)

  · 在IE中,看劃線部分的前后是否出現(xiàn)平行標(biāo)志詞, 然后依據(jù)未劃線的平行成分的語(yǔ)法功能來判斷。

  例: The botanical garden program familiarizes children with (A) names of different flowers teaches them (B) the conventions of naming plants and they have (C) the opportunity to (D) learn skills used by gardeners. No error (E)

  Kaplan-test five -22

  分析: 在讀題是發(fā)現(xiàn)有兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞連續(xù)出現(xiàn),之后緊跟了“and”自然而然判斷出C處應(yīng)是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。

  · 在IS中,則可以通過結(jié)合平行詞和所給選項(xiàng)來判斷結(jié)構(gòu),做題也更為方便。

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